- 1. “God Writes Straight with Crooked Lines”
- “Century”
- An American century
- The German potentiality
- Hitler’s primary role
- 1989 or 1945?
- The American superpower presence
- Stalin and the retreat of Russian power
- The end of colonialism
- Recovery and rise of China
- The end of the Modern or European Age
- From liberal democracy to the universality of popular sovereignty
- 2. “Now We Have Only Peoples’ Wars”
- A European War
- 1914: A short war?
- But entire nations rushing at each other
- Still a war between states
- Mediocrity of most generals
- Russia withdraws from the war
- Communism: a seventy-year episode in the more than one thousand years of Russian history
- The complicated history of America’s entry into the First World War
- 3. “National Self-Determination”
- A “new Europe”? Yes and no
- The end of four great empires? Yes and no
- Peace treaties and their grave faults
- Consequences in Asia
- “Central Europe” the crux, again
- 4. “Cossacks! Brethren!”
- Communists
- The nature of their fears
- The situation of the Jews
- 5. No Nostalgia for the “World of Yesterday”
- Uniqueness of the United States
- Its influence different from that of other great powers
- Its prosperity in the 1920s
- The 1920s: the first (and perhaps the only) “modern” decade
- “Depression” in and after 1929, but also American optimism: not much fear and not much hatred
- 6. South of the Border and Across the Pacific
- The Southern Hemisphere
- The Far East
- 7. “Middle Class” Is Not “Bourgeois”
- The failure of liberal democracies
- Authoritarian governments, dictatorships
- A crisis of capitalism
- The United States and other examples of parliamentary democracy
- 8. “I Was a Nationalist, but I Was Not a Patriot”
- National Socialism
- Hitler
- 9. The Wave of the Future
- The Hitler decade
- His domination of Europe
- The coming of the Second World War
- 10. “I Hope It Is Not Too Late”
- The Second World War
- The European phase, 1939 to 1941
- Germany triumphant
- Five leaders
- 11. To Subdue and Conquer Germany and Japan
- After Pearl Harbor, six months of Allied defeats
- The naval and military turning points of the war
- German ability to carry on
- Mussolini eliminated
- Turning the tide in the east
- The Allied invasion of France
- Hitler’s determination
- The conquest of Japan
- 12. The Division of Europe Almost Complete
- Europe still the center of history
- The new geography of the continent
- The movements of people
- Rigidification of the division of Europe
- The “iron curtain”
- First American reactions
- Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan
- Europe the center of the Cold War
- Stalin and Asia
- 13. The Brave Harry Truman
- The Cold War at its peak
- The Korean War
- Death of Stalin
- The Soviet Union begins to retreat
- American misunderstandings
- Russia and China
- The so-called Third World emerges
- The Cuban Missile Crisis
- The tensions of the Cold War lessen
- 14. American Nationalism, American Benevolence
- America’s century: more than that
- Problems rather than periods
- Changes in the composition of the American people
- Uniqueness during and after the Second World War
- American nationalism
- The emergence of American “conservatism”
- The United States toward the end of the Cold War
- 15. “Europe,” and the End of the Cold War
- “Europe”: impreciseness of its definition
- The principal object during the Second World War
- After that, its division and the consequences
- Attempts toward an integration of Europe
- The decomposition of the Russian sphere in Europe
- Its rapidity around 1989, while its consequences are not foreseeable
- 16. “Great Leap Forward”
- The Third World
- Near and Middle East
- Far East and Australia
- Africa
- South America and the Western Hemisphere
- The movements of peoples
- 17. The Limitations of Human Knowledge
- A transitional century
- Inheritances of the preceding one
- Positive achievements
- Technologies
- Weakening enthusiasm for some of its applications
- Cultural and civilizational decline
- Shortcomings of scientific determinism; scattered recognitions thereof
- We and our earth: again at the center of the universe
- Index


A Short History of the Twentieth Century
Book Details
HARDCOVER
$24.95 • £18.95 • €22.50
ISBN 9780674725362
Publication: October 2013


