Theocritus of the third century BCE, born at Syracuse, traveled widely in the Greek world. Having studied poetry at Cos with poet and critic Philitas, he composed poetry under patronage, chiefly perhaps at Syracuse and Cos; and then went to Alexandria in Egypt, whose King Ptolemy II (died 246 BCE), pupil of Philitas, befriended him. Here (and at Cos?) he spent the rest of his life. Most lovable of Greek versemakers, Theocritus was the founder of bucolic or pastoral poetry. Of his so-called “Idylls,” “little forms” or pieces (not all are genuine), ten are about pastoral life real or idealized; several are small epics (three are hymns); two are beautiful “occasional” poems (one about a country walk, one to accompany a gift of a distaff for the wife of his friend Nicias); six are love-poems; several are mimes, striking pictures of common life; and three are specially expressive of his own feelings. The 24 “Epigrams” were apparently inscribed on works of art.
Moschus of Syracuse, second century BCE, came next. As a grammarian he wrote a (lost) work on Rhodian dialect. Though he was classed as bucolic, his extant poetry (mainly Runaway Love and the story of Europa) is not really pastoral, the Lament for Bion not being Moschus’s work.
Bion of Phlossa near Smyrna lived in Sicily, probably late second and early first century BCE. Most of the extant poems are not really bucolic, but Lament for Adonis is floridly brilliant.
Megara may be by Theocritus; The Dead Adonis is much later.
The so-called “Pattern Poems,” included in the bucolic tradition, can be found also in the Loeb Classical Library® five-volume Greek Anthology.
