• Acknowledgments
• List of Abbreviations
• Introduction
1. Wittgenstein on Philosophical Problems: From One Fundamental Problem to Particular Problems
• The Tractatus on philosophical problems
• Wittgenstein’s later conception of philosophical problems
• Examples of philosophical problems as based on misunderstandings
• Tendencies and inclinations of thinking: philosophy as therapy
• Wittgenstein’s notion of peace in philosophy: the contrast with the Tractatus
2. Two Conceptions of Clarification
• The Tractatus’s conception of philosophy as logical analysis
• Wittgenstein’s later critique of the Tractatus’s notion of logical analysis
• Clarification in Wittgenstein’s later philosophy
3. From Metaphysics and Philosophical Theses to Grammar: Wittgenstein’s Turn
• Philosophical theses, metaphysical philosophy, and the Tractatus
• Metaphysics and conceptual investigation: the problem with metaphysics
• Conceptual investigation and the problem of dogmatism
• Wittgenstein’s turn
• The turn and the role of rules
• Rules as objects of comparison
• Rules, metaphysical projection, and the logic of language
4. Grammar, Meaning, and Language
• Grammar, use, and meaning: the problem of the status of Wittgenstein’s remarks
• Wittgenstein’s formulation of his conception of meaning
• The concept of language: comparisons with instruments and games
• Wittgenstein’s development and the advantages of his mature view
• Examples as centers of variation and the conception of language as a family
• Avoiding dogmatism about meaning
• Wittgenstein’s methodological shift and analyses in terms of necessary conditions
5. The Concepts of Essence and Necessity
• Constructivist readings and the arbitrariness/nonarbitrariness of grammar
• Problems with constructivism
• The methodological dimension of Wittgenstein’s conception of essence
• The nontemporality of grammatical statements
• Explanations of necessity in terms of factual regularities
• Wittgenstein’s account of essence and necessity
• Beyond theses about the source of necessity
6. Philosophical Hierarchies and the Status of Clarificatory Statements
• Philosophical hierarchies and Wittgenstein’s “leading principle”
• The (alleged) necessity of accepting philosophical statements
• The concept of agreement and the problem of injustice
• The criteria of the correctness of grammatical remarks
• Multidimensional descriptions and the new use of old dogmatic claims
7. Wittgenstein’s Conception of Philosophy, Everyday Language, and Ethics
• Metaphysics disguised as methodology
• The historicity of philosophy
• Philosophy and the everyday
• Notes
• Index

Oskari Kuusela is Lecturer in Philosophy, University of East Anglia, Norwich.