Unified Theories of Cognition
Allen Newell
Introduction
The Nature of Theories
What Are Unified Theories of Cognition?
Is Psychology Ready for Unified Theories?
The Task of the Book
Foundations of Cognitive Science
Behaving Systems
Knowledge Systems
Representation
Machines and Computation
Symbols
Architectures
Intelligence
Search and Problem Spaces
Preparation and Deliberation
Summary
Human Cognitive Architecture
The Human Is a Symbol System
System Levels
The Time Scale of Human Action
The Biological Band
The Neural Circuit Level
The Real-Time Constraint on Cognition
The Cognitive Band
The Level of Simple Operations
The First Level of Composed Operations
The Intendedly Rational Band
Higher Bands: Social, Historical, and Evolutionary
Summary
Symbolic Processing for Intelligence
The Central Architecture for Performance
Chunking
The Total Cognitive System
RI-Soar: Knowledge-Intensive and Knowledge-Lean Operation
Designer-Soar: Difficult Intellectual Tasks
Soar as an Intelligent System
Mapping Soar onto Human Cognition
Soar and the Shape of Human Cognition
Summary
Immediate Behavior
The Scientific Role of Immediate-Response Data
Methodological Preliminaries
Functional Analysis of Immediate Responses
The Simplest Response Task (SRI)
The Two-Choice Response Task (2CRT)
Stimulus-Response Compatibility (SRC)
Discussion of the Three Analyses
Item Recognition
Typing
Summary
Memory, Learning, and Skill
The Memory and Learning Hypothesis of Soar
The Soar Qualitative Theory of Learning
The Distinction between Episodic and Semantic Memory
Data Chunking
Skill Acquisition
Short-Term Memory (STM)
Summary
Intendedly Rational Behavior
Ciyptarithmetic
Syllogisms
Sentence Verification
Summary
Along the Frontiers
Language
Development
The Biological Band
The Social Band
The Role of Applications
How to Move toward Unified Theories of Cognition
References
Name Index
Subject Index


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