Racism, Xenophobia, and Distribution

Multi-Issue Politics in Advanced Democracies

John E. Roemer

Woojin Lee

Karine Van der Straeten

    • Acknowledgments

    1. Introduction

    2. Political Equilibrium: Theory and Application

    • The Data
    • Characterization of PUNE as a System of Equations
    • The Probability-of-Victory Function
    • Factional Bargaining Powers
    • The Three-Party Model
    • First Application: The Logarithmic Utility Function
    • Second Application: The Euclidean Utility Function
    • Conclusion

    3. History of Racial Politics in the United States

    • Introduction
    • Race and American Exceptionalism
    • Issue Evolution
    • The Dixiecrats
    • The Presidential Election of 1964 and Its Aftermath
    • The Reagan Democrats
    • Race, Class, andWelfare Reform in the 1990s
    • Conclusion

    4. United States: Quantitative Analysis

    • Introduction
    • Recovering Voter Racism from Survey Data
    • Estimation of the Model’s Parameters
    • Numerical Solution of the Log Utility Model
    • The Euclidean Function Approach
    • Conclusion

    5. History of Racism and Xenophobia in the United Kingdom

    • Introduction
    • Immigration in Britain
    • An Issue of “High Potential”
    • From Powell to Thatcher: Challenging the Consensus
    • The Rise of Thatcher and the Breakdown of the Consensus of Silence
    • Immigration in the 1990s and Beyond
    • Conclusion

    6. United Kingdom: Quantitative Analysis

    • Introduction
    • Minorities, Race, and Class Politics in the UK
    • Estimation of Parameters
    • The PBE and ASE: Computation
    • Conclusion

    7. Immigration: A Challenge to Tolerant Denmark

    • Introduction
    • The Early Years: GuestWorkers and Their Families
    • The Eighties: The Emergence of Refugees
    • The Nineties: Xenophobia Emerges, Front and Center
    • No Longer Marginal: The Far Right and the Election of 2001

    8. Denmark: Quantitative Analysis

    • Parties and Issues
    • Estimation of the Model’s Parameters
    • Political Equilibrium: Observation and Prediction
    • The Policy-Bundle and Antisolidarity Effects: Computation
    • Conclusion

    9. Immigration and the Political Institutionalization of Xenophobia in France

    • Introduction
    • Immigration in France: A Brief Sketch
    • The Politicization of Immigration
    • The Rise of Le Pen
    • The Mainstreaming of Xenophobia
    • The 1988 Presidential Election
    • Xenophobia Remains in the Headlines
    • Conventional Politics Return as a New Cleavage Is Born
    • Conclusion

    10. France: Quantitative Analysis

    • Parties and Voter Opinion
    • Political Equilibrium with Three Parties
    • Estimation of Model Parameters
    • Political Equilibrium: Observation and Prediction
    • The Policy-Bundle and Antisolidarity Effects: Computation

    11. Conclusion

    • The Rise of the New Right Movement
    • Recapitulation
    • The Log Utility Function Approach
    • The Euclidean Utility Function Approach
    • Limitations
    • Final Remark
    • Appendix A: Statistical Methods
    • Appendix B: Additional Tables
    • Notes
    • References
    • Index
  • Cover: Racism, Xenophobia, and Distribution
  • A photo of the author

John Roemer is Elizabeth S. and A. Varick Stout Professor of Political Science and Economics, Yale University.

Woojin Lee is Associate Professor of Economics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst.

Karine Van der Straeten is a fellow at the National Center for Scientific Research, Paris.