Preface

Acknowledgments

Prologue

PART 1: CHILDREN AS HEIRS

1. CHILDHOOD AS CRISIS: A CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE

Vulnerability and Struggle in the Face of the Environment

The Nature of the Neo-Confucian Affirmation

Becoming Human: Tensions in a Philosophical Perspective

2. THE LOCUS OF INNOVATION, 1840-1920

The Context for Innovation, 1840-1910

The Genesis of Educated Youth as a Counterculture, 1905-1920

PART 2: ESTABLISHING THE SELF

3. MISCHIEVOUS SONS: PERFECTLY HUMAN, IMPERFECTLY CHINESE

Early Childhood and the Threats to Autonomy

The Tao-ch'i Child and Paternal Anxieties

The Maternal Legacy

4. CULTURE TRIUMPHANT: THE MAKING OF SOCIAL SELVES

The Inevitable First World of a Chinese Childhood

The Apprenticeship in Cultural Competence

Becoming One's Own Master

PART 3: DISCOVERING REALITIES

5. ADVERSITY

Patterns of Decay and Disaster among Gentry Families

Records of Bitter Struggle: The Sons of Common Folk

6. PRIVILEGE

Young Masters in the Making

The Psychology of "Respectable Work"

Scholarship and Political Office: The Broken Link

Class Blinders and Awareness

A Question of Perspective

PART 4: SEEKING A WAY OUT

7. THE UNDERTOW

The Ambivalent Liberation

The Elusive Identity of the New Scholar

Experiencing a Forced March

Inner Imperialism: Coming Up from Under

8. BREAKING THE HOLD OF THE GROUP

The Inner/Outer Split

Unconventional Behavior through Secondary Customs

The Traditional Ideal as a Critique of Conventional Morality

Lu Hsun and Kuo Mo-jo: Leading the Group beyond the Tradition

Epilogue: The Few and the Many

Appendix A: Notes on Interviewing Elderly Chinese in Taiwan and Hong Kong

Appendix B: Persons Interviewed in Taiwan and Hong Kong, 1969

Notes

Bibliography

Glossary

Index