The Middle East under Rome

Maurice Sartre

Translated by Catherine Porter

Translated by Elizabeth Rawlings

    • Preface to the English-Language Edition
    • Acknowledgments
    • Translators’ Note
    • Introduction

    1. The Hellenistic Legacy

    • The Creation of New States
    • Syria between Parthians, Romans, and Armenians

    2. The End of Seleucid Syria and the First Roman Rule (69–31 B.C.E.)

    • The Beginnings of Roman Intervention
    • Pompey and Syria
    • Syria at the Time of the Roman Civil War

    3. From Augustus to Trajan: Creating a Province

    • The Provincia and Its Governors
    • The Defenses of Imperial Syria in the First Century
    • The Client States in the First Century C.E.

    4. The Crises in Judaea from Herod to Bar Kokhba

    • Herod the Great
    • Herod’s Heirs
    • The Era of Prefects and Procurators
    • The Revolt of 66–70 and Its Consequences
    • From the Fall of the Temple to Bar Kokhba

    5. From Trajan to the Severi: Conquests and Reorganizations

    • New Provinces, New Divisions
    • Defense of the Country and Roman Campaigns

    6. Civic Life and Urban Development during the Early Empire

    • The Spread of the Polis and the Creation of Colonies
    • The Structure and Organization of Municipal Life
    • City Profiles

    7. Rural Life in the Early Empire

    • Land Tenure and Land Use
    • Agricultural Practices and Production
    • Villages and Village Communities
    • Nomads

    8. The Urban Economy in Roman Syria

    • Artisans
    • Money and Customs Duties
    • Roads and Ports
    • Local and Foreign Trade

    9. Hellenization and Indigenous Cultures

    • Syrian Hellenism
    • Indigenous Cultures

    10 Pagans, Jews, and Christians in Roman Syria in the Second and Third Centuries

    • Gods and Pagan Sanctuaries
    • Rabbinical Judaism
    • The Beginnings of Christianization

    11. A Time of Trials

    • Edessa, Hatra, and Dura-Europos
    • Palmyra
    • Phylarchs and Nomad Chiefs
    • Conclusion
    • Abbreviations
    • Notes
    • Works Cited
    • Index
  • Cover: The Middle East under Rome

Maurice Sartre is Professor of History, University of Tours and the Institut Universitaire de France.