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![]() Chapter 2 Excerpt:The Tension between Empathy and AssertivenessFour years ago, Susan Reese and Martin DiPasquale opened a restaurant and take-out catering business on Main Street in Winchester amid much fanfare and high hopes. Unfortunately, things have not gone as planned. Although the business has done well and continues to turn a profit, the relationship between the two partners has soured. Martin finds Susan unbearably pessimistic and difficult to work with--the restaurant just isn't fun anymore. Susan thinks Martin has no business sense and won't take their finances seriously-- he's constantly giving away meals and drinks to friends and neighbors, wants to spend extravagantly on fancy ingredients and over-priced advertising, and occasionally treats customers in a flamboyant way. Because of their seemingly insurmountable differences, Susan and Martin have decided to end their partnership. They face the difficult question: How? Should they sell their business to a third party and split the proceeds? Should Susan buy out Martin's 50 percent share, or vice versa? If so, how should the price be set? What would best meet their interests?The partners are having their first conversation about what to do. They've already been talking for about ten minutes when Susan says:
SUSAN: I think that it makes the most sense for you to sell your 50 percent to me. You never wanted to be in the restaurant business anyway. You just don't have the business sense to run this place alone, and you wouldn't enjoy it. Too much administrative hassle--paying the staff, dealing with the suppliers, all of it. How are Martin and Susan doing as they try to have this difficult conversation? How is their negotiation going? Are they likely to be able to solve their problem by finding ways to make them both better off? Or is a potential deal going to dissolve into a bitter dispute that destroys the business in the process?
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1. The notion of empathy "is, and always has been, a broad, somewhat slippery concept--one that has provoked considerable speculation, excitement, and confusion." Nancy Eisenberg and Janet Strayer, "Critical Issues in the Study of Empathy," in Empathy and Its Development, p. 3 (Nancy Eisenberg and Janet Strayer, eds., 1987). The term is of comparatively recent origin. It was coined by an American ex-perimental psychologist in 1909 as a translation of the German word EinfŸhlung, defined as "to feel one's way into." Lauren Wispé, "History of the Concept of Empathy," in Eisenberg and Strayer, Empathy and Its Development, pp. 17, 20Ð21. Over the last 80 years, many sub-disciplines in psychology adopted and modified the term, giving it a range of definitions and connotations. Contemporary scholars debate such issues as whether the content of empathy is cognitive or affective--whether we understand the thoughts, intentions, and feelings of others or contemporaneously experience them. Similarly, scholars question whether the empathic process is primarily cognitive--thinking it through--or affective--feeling it through. See Janet Strayer, "Affective and Cognitive Perspectives on Empathy," in Eisenberg and Strayer, Empathy and Its Development, pp. 218Ð244.
2. See Carl R. Rogers A Way of Being, pp. 142Ð143 (1980).
3. Heinz Kohut, "Introspection, Empathy, and The Semicircle of Mental Health," in 1 Empathy, pp. 81, 84 (Joseph Lichtenberg, Melvin Bornstein, and Donald Silver, eds., 1984).
4. See generally Keithia Wilson and Cynthia Gallois Assertion and Its Social Context, pp. 1Ð38 (1993) (exploring various definitions of "assertiveness" and distinguishing assertiveness from aggression and submission).
5. See Erica L. Fox, "Alone in the Hallway: Challenges to Effective Self-Representation in Negotiation," 1 Harvard Negotiation Law Review 85 (1996).
6. See Robert Alberti and Michael Emmons, Your Perfect Right: A Guide to Assertive Living (7 th ed. 1995).
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