Part V COMMUNITIES

Introductory text

Selection from each of the regions, with complete list of headings, maps, tables, figures, and box items

COMMUNITIES

Chinese are settled in more communities than are surveyed in this section, but the ones presented are here either because the are -- or used to be -- sizeable (in terms of absolute numbers or as a proportion of the total national population) or because they have attracted scholarly study by anthropologists and historians. These include communities which have since dwindled or dispersed. The word 'community' is used in the sense of a body of people living in a specific locality, without any suggestion that the inhabitants have to be of a minimum number or that they should have anything in common other than their Chinese ancestry. Indeed, far from being unified or integrated communities, all of this section's entries are highly divided internally.

The articles are grouped by region and arranged country by country except where it makes sense to adopt a unit of treatment greater than that of the nation-state. There is no perfect way of dividing the clusters of Chinese overseas, and to do so in nation-bound components is merely to follow academic research convention and work with ready-made categories...

Selection from each of the regions, with complete list of headings, maps, tables, figures, and box items:

Southeast Asia: Singapore
Overview
Table: Percentage distribution of Singapore's total population by ethnic group
Map: Singapore
Historical formation
Table: Resident population born in China, Hong Kong or Taiwan by year of arrival and sex, 1990
The growth of a diversified community
Box Item: Lim Boon Keng
Table: Chinese resident population by speech group, 1990
Into the 20th century
Box Item: Tan Kah Kee
Economic expansion
The Japanese Occupation and decolonization
Box Item: Lee Kuan Yew and Chinese Identity
Box Item: Lim Chin Siong
The making of a new nation
The 'Chinese-educated'
Figure: Primary one enrolment in Singapore's schools, 1959-84
How to be simultaneously Singaporean, Chinese and modern
Table: Persons aged five years and over in resident Chinese households by predominant language spoken, 1980 and 1990

The Americas: The United States
The Pioneers: 1785-1848
Unrestricted immigration: 1848-82
Map: The United States
Table: Chinese immigration and population growth in the United States
Exclusion: 1882-1943
Box Item: Chinese Students in America in the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Restricted immigration: 1943-65
Immigration on an equal basis: after 1965
Box Item: Little Fuzhou
Table: Ten states with the largest Chinese populations
Economic life
Table: Percentage of 16 and over working population in different occupational categories, 1990
Cultural activities

Australasia and Oceana: Australia
19th-century migration and settlement
Map: Australia
Towards unrestricted migration
Box Item: Chronology
Contemporary Chinese migration and settlement
Figure: Chinese by birthplace, 1986
Table: Chinese in Australia
From sojourner to wayfaring resident
The changing composition of the Chinese
Residential patterns
Figure: Birthplace by state of residence, 1996
Economic activity and situation
The transformation of community institutions and culture
The expansion of Chinatowns
The media
Chinese associations
Religion
The transmission and transformation of Chinese culture
Chinese-language education
The arts
Australian Chinese today

Europe: Britain
Pre-war Chinese settlement
Table: The China-born population in England and Wales
Chinese communities in postwar Britain
Table: British residents born in East and Southeast Asia
Contemporary demographic profile
Table: Distribution by age and gender, 1991
Box Item: Voices from the Chinese community in contemporary Britain
Economic profile
Table: Birthplace of Chinese in Britain, 1991
British-Chinese politics
The Hong Kong connection
British-Chinese identity
Box Item: Northern Ireland

East Asia: Japan
Nagasaki
Map: Japan
The opening of Japan
Table: Chinese population in Japan, 1876-1942
Table: Chinese population in Japan, 1946-96
Box Item: Chinese students in Japan in the early 20th century
The imperial ordinance 352
The northern traders
Taiwanese
1980s and 1990s
Box Item: Chinese voices in Yokohama

Indian Ocean and Africa: India
History
Map: India
Occupational specialization
Impact of the Sino-Indian conflict
Organization of the Chinese community
Box Item: Chinese tanneries in Calcutta, 1960s
Links to the world beyond

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