

Making Civilizations
The World before 600
Edited by Hans-Joachim Gehrke
Translated by Erik Butler and Peter Lewis
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ISBN 9780674047174
Publication date: 09/08/2020
Distinguished historians of the ancient world analyze the earliest developments in human history and the rise of the first major civilizations, from the Middle East to India and China.
In this volume of the six-part History of the World series, Hans-Joachim Gehrke, a noted scholar of ancient Greece, leads a distinguished group of historians in analyzing prehistory, the earliest human settlements, and the rise of the world’s first advanced civilizations.
The Neolithic period—sometimes called the Agrarian Revolution—marked a turning point in human history. People were no longer dependent entirely on hunting animals and gathering plants but instead cultivated crops and reared livestock. This led to a more settled existence, notably along rivers such as the Nile, Tigris, Euphrates, Ganges, and Yangzi. Increased mastery of metals, together with innovations in tools and technologies, led to economic specialization, from intricate crafts to deadlier weapons, which contributed to the growth of village communities as well as trade networks. Family was the fundamental social unit, its relationships and hierarchies modeled on the evolving relationship between ruler and ruled. Religion, whether polytheist or monotheist, played a central role in shaping civilizations from the Persians to the Israelites. The world was construed in terms of a divinely ordained order: the Chinese imperial title Huangdi expressed divinity and heavenly splendor, while Indian emperor Ashoka was heralded as the embodiment of moral law.
From the latest findings about the Neanderthals to the founding of imperial China to the world of Western classical antiquity, Making Civilizations offers an authoritative overview of humanity’s earliest eras.
Authors
- Hans-Joachim Gehrke is Professor Emeritus at the University of Freiburg, Germany. He was previously President of the German Archaeological Institute in Berlin and Professor of Ancient History at the University of Freiburg, Free University of Berlin, and University of Würzburg. He is a member of the Academy of Sciences Leopoldina.
- Akira Iriye is Charles Warren Professor of American History, Emeritus, at Harvard University.
- Jürgen Osterhammel is Professor of Modern History at the University of Konstanz.
Book Details
- 1216 pages
- 6-3/8 x 9-1/4 inches
- Belknap Press
- General editor Akira Iriye and Jürgen Osterhammel
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