- Preface
- Maps*
- Introduction
- I. Origins to 1917
- 1. Communism before Marxism
- 2. Marx and Engels
- 3. Communism in Europe
- 4. Russian Variations
- 5. The October Revolution
- 6. The First Communist State
- II. Experiment: 1917–1929
- 7. European Revolutions
- 8. Communism and Its Discontents
- 9. The Communist International
- 10. Probing America
- 11. Making Sense of Communism
- 12. The USSR in Torment
- 13. The Soviet Model
- III. Development: 1929–1947
- 14. World Strategy
- 15. Stalinist Ideology
- 16. Inside the Parties
- 17. Friends and Foes
- 18. Communism in the World War
- 19. Forcing the Peace
- IV. Reproduction: 1947–1957
- 20. The Cold War and the Soviet Bloc
- 21. The Yugoslav Road
- 22. Western Europe
- 23. Warring Propaganda
- 24. The Chinese Revolution
- 25. Organising Communism
- 26. Against and For Reform
- V. Mutation: 1957–1979
- 27. Détente and Expansion
- 28. China Convulsed
- 29. Revolutionary Cuba
- 30. Communist Order
- 31. Rethinking Communism
- 32. Europe East and West
- 33. Reduced Expectations
- 34. Last of the Communist Revolutions
- VI. Endings: From 1980
- 35. Roads from Communism
- 36. Anti-Communism in Eastern Europe
- 37. China’s Capitalist Communism
- 38. Perestroika
- 39. The Comrades Depart
- 40. Accounting for Communism
- Notes
- Select Bibliography
- Index
- * Maps
- 1. The Soviet Union, 1924–36
- 2. Eastern Europe and the Western USSR after the Second World War
- 3. China after 1949
- 4. Cuba
- 5. South-East Asia, 1975