HARVARD ORIENTAL SERIES
Cover: The Veda in Kashmir, Volumes I and II in MIXED MEDIA

Harvard Oriental Series 94/95

The Veda in Kashmir, Volumes I and II

History and Present State of Vedic Tradition in the Western Himalayas

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MIXED MEDIA

$120.00 • £104.95 • €109.95

ISBN 9780674258273

Publication Date: 07/13/2021

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  • Foreword
  • Book I. History of Kashmir and Its Brahmins
    • 1. Introduction
      • 1.1. A short geography and history of Kashmir
      • 1.2. Historical summary
      • 1.3. Early history
      • 1.4. Buddhist sources
      • 1.5. Nīlamata
      • 1.6. Land grants
      • 1.7. Karkoṭa dynasty
      • 1.8. Utpala dynasty
      • 1.9. First Lohara dynasty
      • 1.10. Second Lohara dynasty and Kalhaṇa
      • 1.11. Medieval history
        • 1.11.2. Kashmir under the late Hindu kings
      • 1.12. Early Islamic period
      • 1.13. Zain ul Abidin and his historians
      • 1.14. The Later Islamic period
      • 1.15. The Moghuls
      • 1.16. Afghans and Sikhs
      • 1.17. The Dogra dynasty of Jammu
      • 1.18. Summary: A short historhy of the Paṇḍits
    • 2. The Kashmiri Brahmins and Their Rituals
      • 2.1. Origin and medieval history of the Paṇḍits
        • 2.1.2. The early period
        • 2.1.3. Under the Hindu kings
        • 2.1.4. Immigration and emigration
        • 2.1.5. Brahmins under the early Hindu kings
        • 2.1.6. Social position of Brahmins in the Middle Ages
        • 2.1.7. The early Islamic period
        • 2.1.8. The later Islamic period
        • 2.1.9. Sikhs and Dogras
        • 2.1.10. The situation in 1875
        • 2.1.11. Kashmiri gotras
        • 2.1.11. M. Aurel Stein’s period (1888–)
        • 2.1.12. The 19th and 20th centuries
        • 2.1.13. Present situation
      • 2.2. Vedic tradition and the Ṛcakas
        • 2.2.1. Vedic ritual in Kashmir
        • 2.2.2. The fire rituals
        • 2.2.3. Establishing the Vedi
        • 2.2.4. Domestic ritual and modern Pūjā
        • 2.2.5. Saṃskāra rites
        • 2.2.6. Upanayana
        • 2.2.7. Marriage
        • 2.2.8. Death rituals
  • Book II. The Veda Tradition in Kashmir
    • 3. The Four Vedas in Kashmir
      • 3.1. History of Veda transmission
        • 3.1.1. Early historical documents: inscriptions and copper plates
        • 3.1.2. Hindu Period: in Kashmiri Sanskrit literature
        • 3.1.3. The early Islamic period
        • 3.1.4. The later Islamic period: Mughals and Afghans
        • 3.1.5. The Sikh and Dogra periods
        • 3.1.6. Modern Times
      • 3.2. Oral Veda tradition and Veda recitation during the last few centuries
        • 3.2.1. Manuscripts and recitation
        • 3.2.2. Accentuation systems
      • 3.3. The Ṛgveda
        • 3.3.1. The Kashmir RV mss.
          • 3.3.1.2. Old RV mss.
          • 3.3.1.3. The value of older Veda (RV) mss. and Vedic “orthography”
          • 3.3.1.4. Peculiarities of the Kashmir mss. (of the RV)
          • 3.3.1.5. Some remaining traits of Kashmir RV tradition
          • 3.3.1.6 Accent marks in RVK/ms. Stein
          • 3.3.1.7 Accents in other Kashmir RV mss.
        • 3.3.2. The RV and the RV Khilas
          • 3.3.2.1. The Khila collection of RVK
          • 3.3.2.2. Śākala Khila?
          • 3.3.2.3. The inclusion of the Khila Collection
          • 3.3.2.4. North Indian origins?
        • 3.3.3. The Kaṭha school and the RV Ṛcakas
        • 3.3.4. The ‘Kaṭha’ RV
        • 3.3.5. Kashmir variants of RV
          • 3.3.5.1. Phonetic variants
          • 3.3.5.2. Writing mistakes based on Śāradā misreadings
          • 3.3.5.3. A few “learned” mistakes
          • 3.3.5.4. Indications of a foreign origin of the Kashmir Ṛgveda
          • 3.3.5.5. Remaining unclear cases, to be resolved
          • 3.3.5.6. “Actual variants”
          • 3.3.5.7. Some general observations
        • 3.3.6. Other Ṛgveda Schools in Kashmir
          • 3.3.6.1. Caraṇavyūha
          • 3.3.6.2. Other Ṛgvedic texts in Kashmir
        • 3.3.7. Summary
      • 3.4. The Kaṭha Yajurveda
        • 3.4.1. The Kaṭha Saṃhitā
        • 3.4.2. Kaṭha Brāhmaṇa
        • 3.4.3. Kaṭha āraṇyaka
        • 3.4.4. Upaniṣads
        • 3.4.5. Kaṭha Sūtras
          • 3.4.5.1. Kaṭha Śrautasūtra
          • 3.4.5.2. Kāṭhaka GṚhya Sūtra / Laugākṣi GS
        • 3.4.6. Other Kaṭha texts
        • 3.4.7. Ṛcakas and commentators
        • 3.4.8. The present state of the Kaṭha canon
        • 3.4.9. Other Yajurveda schools
          • [3.4.9.1.] Maitrāyaṇīyas
          • [3.4.9.2.] Excursus on Aṣṭāvakra
          • [3.4.9.3.] Vājasaneyins
      • 3.5. The Sāmaveda
      • 3.6. The Paippalāda Atharvaveda
        • 3.6.1. Early and medieval history of the AV in Kashmir
        • 3.6.2. The Bhūrja ms.
          • 3.6.2.1. Other early copies of PSK
          • 3.6.2.2. Accented passages
        • 3.6.3. Yuddhabhaṭṭa
        • 3.6.4. The origin of the Bhūrja ms. and Yuddhabhaṭṭa
        • 3.6.5. The date of the Bhūrja ms., summary
        • 3.6.6. Copies of the PS text in Yuddhabhaṭṭa’s time
        • 3.6.7. Other AV texts and mss.
        • 3.6.8. Present evidence for the AV tradition in Kashmir
        • 3.6.9. Summary of Veda tradition in Kashmir
    • 4. Veda Quotations in Jayanta Bhaṭṭa’s Nyāyamañjarī (c. 890 CE)
      • [4.1.]
        • 4.1.1. Mentioning of Vedic śākhās and texts by name
        • 4.1.2. Schools and texts quoted by Jayanta
        • 4.1.3. (Para-)Vedic texts, SmṚtis
        • 4.1.4. Uncertain names
      • 4.2. Vedic texts, quoted with names of schools or texts
        • 4.2.1. RV
        • 4.2.2. AV
        • 4.2.3. SV
        • 4.2.4. YV
          • 4.2.4a. Other YV schools
        • 4.2.5. SmṚti
      • 4.3. Vedic quotations without naming their sources
        • 4.3.1. RV quotations
        • 4.3.2. SV
        • 4.3.3. Quotes via Śabara
        • 4.3.4. AV
      • 4.4. Unidentified or uncertain passages
      • 4.5. On ritual
      • 4.6. Summary
  • Book III. The Kaṭha School [Volume II begins with Book II, Ch. 8: The Text Canon of the Kaṭha Śākhā]
    • 5. The Veda-Vratas of the Kaṭha-Śākhā
      • 5.1. Traividyaka-vrata
      • 5.2. Upākarma-Vrata
      • 5.3. CāturhotṚka-Vrata
      • 5.4. Pravargya-vrata
      • 5.5. Aruṇa-vrata
      • 5.6. Aupaniṣada-Vrata
      • 5.7. Traividyaka-Vrata-Apavarga
      • 5.8. Post-study rituals
      • 5.9. Conclusions
        • 5.9.1. Structure
        • 5.9.2. Kaṭha school texts
        • 5.9.3. Medieval Veda-Vratas
    • 6. The two Avāntaradīkṣās and the curriculum of a Kaṭha Veda student
    • 7. The Kaṭha Mantra Indexes and the Tarpaṇa
      • 7.1. Cārāyaṇīya-Mantrārṣādhyāya
      • 7.2. Kāṭhaka ārṣādhyāya
      • 7.3. The Laugākṣi-Tarpaṇakhaṇḍa and the Ślokatarpaṇa
        • 7.3.1. Ślokatarpaṇam
          • 7.3.1a. The following texts and authors are mentioned (RV, SV, YV, AV)
        • 7.3.2. Tarpaṇakhaṇḍa
    • 8. The Text Canon of the Kaṭha Śākhā [Volume II begins here]
      • 8.1. Background: a typical Vedic canon
      • 8.2. The texts
        • 8.2.1. The Saṃhitā
          • [8.2.1.1.]
          • 8.2.1.2. “Orthography” of KS
          • 8.2.1.3. Accentuation
          • 8.2.1.4. Chapters (sthānaka) and Books (grantha) of KS
          • 8.2.1.5. Subdivisions of KS
          • 8.2.1.6. Contents of KS
          • 8.2.1.7. Anuvāka division
          • 8.2.1.8. Names of KS chapters
          • 8.2.1.9. Further sub-divisions
          • 8.2.1.10. Additional separate names of Sthānakas
          • 8.2.1.11. The divisions: names of books
        • 8.2.2. Cārāyaṇīya / Caraka / Kapiṣṭhala Kaṭha Saṃhitā
        • 8.2.3. KS / Cār. KS and the Caraka Saṃhitā
          • 8.2.3.1. KS, MS and KpS
          • 8.2.3.2. Kapiṣṭhala
          • 8.2.3.3. Kapiṣṭhala Kaṭha Saṃhitā: accentuation
        • 8.2.4. The Kaṭha Brāhmaṇa, reconstructed
        • 8.2.5. The Kaṭha-āraṇyaka
        • 8.2.6. The Kaṭhopaniṣad
        • 8.2.7. The Kaṭha Śikṣā Upaniṣad among the other Upaniṣads of the Kaṭhas
        • 8.2.8. Kaṭha Śruty Upaniṣad
        • 8.2.9. The Śrautasūtra
        • 8.2.10. Śrautasūtra-Mantrasaṃhitā
        • 8.2.11. The GṚhya Sūtra: KGS/LGS
        • 8.2.12. Commentaries on LGS/KGS: KGS vs. LGS, Caraka vs. Cārāyaṇīya Kaṭha texts
        • 8.2.13. PitṚmedha-Sūtra, Hautra-Sūtra, Śulba-Sūtra
        • 8.2.14. Pravarādhyāya
        • 8.2.15. Cārāyaṇīya-Mantrārṣādhyāya and Kāṭhaka ārṣādhyāya
        • 8.2.16. Dharmasūtra
        • 8.2.17. The SmṚti
        • 8.2.18. Kaṭha Śikṣā
        • 8.2.19. Late ancillary literature and PariŚiṣṭas
        • 8.2.20. The Kaṭha Canon
        • 8.2.21. Conclusion
    • 9. On the early and medieval history of the Kaṭha school
      • 9.1. Earlier attempts
      • 9.2. The Yajurveda period: MS and KS
      • 9.3. Yajurveda contents
      • 9.4. Observations and questions about the early YV
      • 9.5. Additional materials for the early history of the Kaṭha school
        • 9.5.1. Late Vedic cooperation with other schools
        • 9.5.2. Late Vedic quotations
      • 9.6. Caraṇavyūha
      • 9.7. Grammarians
      • 9.8. Yāska
      • 9.9. Graeco-Roman Classical authors
      • 9.10. Patañjali
      • 9.11. Other sources
      • 9.12. The Epics
      • 9.13. SmṚtis and Purāṇas
      • 9.14. KāŚikā
      • 9.15. Prapa cahṚdaya
      • 9.16. Medieval commentators
      • 9.17. Inscriptions
      • 9.18. Kaiyyaṭa
      • 9.19. Colophons of KS
      • 9.20. YajurvedavṚkṣa
      • 9.21. Recent data
      • 9.22. Summary
    • 10. The name ‘Kaṭha’
      • [10.1.]
      • 10.2. Etymology of the name Kaṭha
  • Book IV. The Paippalāda Tradition
    • 11. The Paippalāda Śākhā of the Atharvaveda and Kashmir pronunciation
      • [11.1.]
        • 11.1.1. Atharvaveda tradition
        • 11.1.2. A short history of the Paippalāda Śākhā in Kashmir
      • 11.2. Kashmirian pronunication of Sanskrit
      • 11.3. Veda recitation in Kashmir today
        • [11.3.1.]
        • 11.3.2. Specimens
        • 11.3.3. Vowels and consonants
        • 11.3.4. Modern Kashmiri Veda recitation
        • 11.3.5. Phonemes of Kashmiri Veda recitation
        • 11.3.6. Veda recitation in the 15th century
        • 11.3.7. Pronunciation at the time of Kalhaṇa
        • 11.3.8. Early Kashmiri texts: Lallavākyāni, MahānayaprakāŚa
          • 11.3.8.1. Lallā
          • 11.3.8.2. MahānayaprakāŚa
        • 11.3.9. Mistakes in Vedic and classical manuscripts
        • 11.3.10. Mistakes in KS, Kaṭhā, RV, Aā etc.
        • 11.3.11. MNP and Veda recitation
        • 11.3.12. Some results
    • 12. Kashmiri Manuscripts: paleography and copying mistakes
      • 12.1. Introduction
      • 12.2. Śāradā script
      • 12.3. Nāgarī script in Kashmir
      • [12.4.]
        • 12.4.1. Orthographic peculiarities
        • 12.4.2. Writing mistakes
        • 12.4.3. Other “orthographic” peculiarities
      • [12.5.]
        • 12.5.1. Writing mistakes based on Śāradā misreadings
        • 12.5.2. Misreadings
        • 12.5.3. Lists of some common mistakes based on Śāradā script
      • 12.6. Transcriptions of Śārada into Nāgarī
    • 13. The authentic Paippalāda Saṃhitā
      • 13.0. Preface
      • 13.1. On the Reconstruction of the Authentic Paippalāda Saṃhitā
      • 13.2. The Atharvaveda Tradition and the Paippalāda Saṃhitā
      • 13.3. An epilogue to the editions of the PS
        • 13.3.1. Method: two lines of transmission
        • 13.3.2. “Checkered” text
        • 13.3.3. Archetype
        • 13.3.4. Oral transmission
        • 13.3.5. Editing a particular text layer
        • 13.3.6. Presentation and history of variants
        • 13.3.7. Dipak Bhattacharya’s editions
          • 13.3.7.1. General lack of perspective
        • 13.3.8. Ur-AV: origins and history
          • 13.3.8.1. Ur-PS
        • 13.3.9. PS as the main AV
        • 13.3.10. Post-Vedic “corruptions”
        • 13.3.11. History of PS in post-Vedic times and in the Middle Ages
        • 13.3.12. “Parting of ways”
        • 13.3.13. D. Bhattacharya’s imagined history of PS
        • 13.3.14. Glimpses of history of Atharvavedic migration
        • 13.3.15. Karnataka theory
        • 13.3.16. Phonetic developments
        • 13.3.17. Selective use of inscriptions
        • 13.3.18. Editing technique
        • 13.3.19. Practice of editing
        • 13.3.20. The scope of editorial work
        • 13.3.21. Higher criticism
        • 13.3.22. General observations on criticism
    • 14. Epilogue
      • 14.1. Veda tradition until 1323 CE
      • 14.2. From 1323–1811 CE
      • 14.3. Later Sultan, Mughal, Sikh and Dogra periods
  • Appendixes
    • I. Saṃskāra rituals
    • II. Saṃskāra rituals: The traditional view
      • II.a. Festivals
    • III. Description of Kashmiri mss.
      • III.a. The Kashmirian Libraries
      • III.b. Paṇḍits with Libraries at Śrīnagar (1875/1979 CE)
    • IV. Names in Kashmir
    • V. Colophons
    • [VI.]
      • VI.a. A list of Ṛcakas
      • VI.b. Printed Ṛcakas
      • VI.c. Recently printed handbooks
    • VII. Hertha Krick on Kashmir
    • [VIII.] DarŚapūrṇamāsa (pāka) fire ritual
  • Bibliography

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