The Kalevala
Or, Poems of the Kaleva District
- Translator’s Foreword
- The Kalevala
- 1. Lönnrot’s prologue; the creation of the world and the birth of Väinämöinen
- 2. Väinämöinen’s sowing of the primeval wilderness; a sower’s charm
- 3. Väinämöinen’s defeat of Joukahainen in a contest of wisdom; the pledging of Aino; maxims
- 4. Väinämöinen’s ill-fated wooing of Aino; Aino’s drowning
- 5. Väinämöinen’s unsuccessful fishing for Aino; his mother’s advice to woo the maiden of North Farm
- 6. Joukahainen fells Väinämöinen’s horse
- 7. Väinämöinen and Louhi of North Farm; his promise of a Sampo
- 8. Väinämöinen and the maiden of North Farm; his wounded knee
- 9. The origin of iron; blood-stanching charms; the healing of Väinämöinen ’s knee
- 10. Ilmarinen forges the Sampo
- 11. The marriage of Lemminkäinen and Kyllikki of the Island
- 12. Lemminkäinen bewitches North Farm; protective charms
- 13. Lemminkäinen woos the maiden of North Farm; he fails to catch the Demon’s elk, assigned as a qualifying task
- 14. Huntsmen’s charms; a ransom charm; Lemminkäinen captures the Demon’s elk and bridles the Demon’s gelding; while going to shoot the swan of Death’s Domain he is shot dead by Soppy Hat
- 15. At home blood on his brush reveals Lemminkäinen ’s death; his mother finds and reassembles the pieces of his body and restores him to life; vein, bee, and cowbane charms
- 16. Väinämöinen’s boat-building and his visit to Death’s Domain
- 17. Väinämöinen exacts charms from tortured Antero Vipunen; banishment charms and charms against disease and misadventure
- 18. Väinämöinen and Ilmarinen sue for the maiden of North Farm
- 19. The maiden of North Farm accepts Ilmarinen; IImarinen’s three qualifying tasks; a snake charm, a huntsman’s charm
- 20. The slaughtering of the big Karelian steer; preparations for the wedding feast at North Farm; the origin of beer
- 21. The wedding feast at North Farm; wedding lays
- 22. Wedding lay: Tormenting and consoling a bride
- 23. Wedding lays: The government of a bride; The lay of an abused daughter-in-law
- 24. Wedding lays: The government of a groom; Lay of a bride’s going away; Ilmarinen and the maiden of North Farm set out for home
- 25. At home Ilmarinen and his bride are ceremoniously received
- 26. Lemminkäinen intrudes upon the wedding at North Farm; snake charms; the origin of snakes
- 27. The duel at North Farm
- 28. Lemminkäinen’s hasty return from North Farm
- 29. Lemminkäinen’s self-exile on an island
- 30. Lemminkäinen’s and Snowfoot’s wild goose chase and the big freeze; charms against Jack Frost and wizards
- 31. The feud between Untamo and Kalervo; Kullervo’s unfortunate upbringing; an antifertility charm
- 32. Kullervo as a herdsman; cattle, milk, and bear charms
- 33. The death of Ilmarinen’s lady
- 34. Kullervo’s homecoming
- 3. The unhappy meeting of Kullervo and his sister
- 36. Kullervo’s revenge on Untamo; his suicide
- 37. Ilmarinen’s gold and silver bride
- 38. Ilmarinen’s new bride from North Farm; a report on the Sampo
- 39. The expedition of Väinämöinen, Ilmarinen, and Lemminkäinen to North Farm to steal the Sampo
- 40. Väinämöinen’s pikebone harp; rapids charms
- 41. Väinämöinen plays the pikebone harp
- 42. The theft of the Sampo from North Farm
- 43. The sea and air battle for the Sampo; the lucky preservation in the Kaleva District of some fragments of the Sampo; a soldier’s protective charm
- 44. Väinämöinen ’s new birchwood harp
- 45. Magically induced diseases in the Kaleva District; the origin of pestilences; charms against pain
- 46. The slaying of the bear at North Farm and the great feast in the Kaleva District; a bear-hunter’s charm; the origin of bears
- 47. The mistress of North Farm steals the sun and the moon; the disappearance of Ukko’s fire
- 48. The difficult recovery of Ukko’s fire; a fisherman’s charm; a charm against burns
- 49. Ilmarinen’s silver sun and golden moon; Väinämöinen’s duel at North Farm; the mistress of North Farm releases the true sun and moon; divining charms
- 50. The virgin Marjatta’s immaculate conception; her son is designated King of Karelia; Väinämöinen ’s discomfiture and flight; Lönnrot’s epilogue
- Appendices: Materials for the Study of the Kalevala
- A. “Elias Lönnrot,” by Aarne A. Anttila
- B. “The Kalevala,” by Vaino W. Salminen and Viljo Tarkiainen
- C. Concordances: Old and New Kalevala
- D. Lönnrot ’s Prefaces to the Kalevala
- E. Henrik Gabriel Porthan on Ceremonial Peasant Singing
- Translator’s Appendix
- A. On the Translation of Certain Words
- B. Glossary of Proper Names
- C. Reference List of Finnish Names
- D. List of Charms, in Order of Occurrence
- F. Corrigenda
Dumbarton Oaks Medieval Library
I Tatti Renaissance Library
Loeb Classical Library
Murty Classical Library of India