The Earliest Missionary Grammar of Tamil

Part I. Historical Context
- I. The Setting: The Paravas of the “Fishery Coast” in the 16th Century
- II. Missionary Activities
  - IIa. Francis Xavier
  - IIb. Fr. Henriques: Missionary and Linguist
- III. The Arte: Historical Studies from the Text
- IV. The Arte: As Document in the Cultural Encounter
- V. Confidence
Part II. Translation of the Arte da Lingua Malabar
- Alphabet and Pronunciation
- The Declensions of the Nouns
  - First Declension
  - Second Declension
  - Third Declension
  - Fourth Declension
  - Fifth Declension
    - First Class
    - Second Class
    - Third Class
  - Honorific Form
  - General Rules for Declining Easily
- Concerning Adjective Nouns
- The Pronouns
- Concerning Participles
  - Present Participle
  - Preterit Participle
  - Negative Future Participle
  - The Participle which Has the Likeness of Future Participle
- Conjugation of Verbs
  - First Conjugation
  - Second Conjugation
  - [Third Conjugation]
  - Fourth Conjugation
  - Fifth Conjugation
  - Sixth Conjugation
  - Seventh Conjugation
  - Eighth Conjugation
  - Ninth Conjugation
- Personal Verbs
  - First Conjugation
    - Present Tense
    - The Preterit
    - The Affirmative Future
    - The Imperative
    - Negative Future
    - The Infinitive
    - Rules
    - Verbs of the First Conjugation
  - Second Conjugation
    - Present Tense
    - The Preterit
    - Affirmative Future
    - Imperative
    - Negative Future
    - Infinitive
    - Summary—Second Conjugation
  - Third Conjugation
    - Present—First Class
      - Affirmative Future
      - Imperative
      - Negative Future
      - Infinitive
    - Present—Second Class
      - Imperative
      - Negative Future
    - Summary—Third Conjugation
  - Fourth Conjugation
    - Present
    - Preterite
    - Future
    - Imperative
    - Negative Future
    - Infinitive
    - Summary—Fourth Conjugation
  - Fifth Conjugation
    - Fifth Conjugation—First Class
      - Present
      - Preterite
      - Future
      - Imperative
      - Infinitive
    - Fifth Conjugation—Second Class
      - Present
      - Preterite
      - Future
      - Imperative
      - Negative Future
      - Infinitive
    - Summary—Fifth Conjugation—First Class
    - Summary—Fifth Conjugation—Second Class
  - Sixth Conjugation
    - Present
    - Preterite
    - Future
    - Imperative
    - Negative Future
    - Infinitive
    - Summary—Sixth Conjugation
  - Seventh Conjugation
    - Present
    - Preterite
    - Future
    - Imperative
    - Negative Future
    - Infinitive
    - Summary—Seventh Conjugation
  - Eighth Conjugation
    - Present
    - Preterite
    - Future
    - Imperative
    - Negative Future
    - Infinitive
    - Summary—Eighth Conjugation
  - Ninth Conjugation
    - Present
    - Preterite
    - Future
    - Imperative
    - Negative Future
    - Infinitive
    - Summary—Ninth Conjugation
- Impersonal Verbs, or Concerning Irrational Things
  - Present
  - Preterite
  - Affirmative Future
  - Negative Future
  - Infinitive
- Impersonal Verbs Not Derived from Personal Verbs
  - Present
  - Preterite
  - Affirmative Future
  - Negative Future
  - Infinitive
- Concerning the Passive Verbs
  - Present
  - Preterite
  - Affirmative Future
  - Imperative
  - Negative Future
  - Infinitive
  - Passive Verbs of the First Conjugation
  - Passive Verbs of the Second Conjugation
  - Passive Verbs of the Third Conjugation
  - Passive Verbs of the Fourth Conjugation
  - Passive Verbs of the Fifth Conjugation
  - Passive Verbs of the Sixth Conjugation
  - Passive Verbs of the Seventh Conjugation
  - Passive Verbs of the Eighth Conjugation
  - Passive Verbs of the Ninth Conjugation
- The Verb ‘To Be’
  - Present
  - Preterite
  - The Future avê
  - Imperative
  - Negative Future
  - Infinitive
- Sentences
  - The Construction of This Malabar Language
  - Some Ways of Speaking in This Language
- Conclusion
Part III. Organization of the Arte
- Orthography
- Nouns
  - The Five Declensions of Nouns
    - First Declension
    - Second Declension
    - More Examples
  - Honorific Form
  - General Rules for Declining
  - Adjective Nouns
  - Pronouns
- Participles
- Verbs
  - Personal Verbs
    - The Concept of Verb and Tense
    - Deriving the Tenses
    - First Conjugation
      - Present Tense
    - The 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, and the 9th Conjugations
  - Impersonal Verbs
  - The Passive Verbs
  - The Verb “to be”
- Sentences
- Conclusion
Part IV. Afterword
- Uniqueness
- Ingenuity and Innovation
- Pragmatics
- Departure from Traditional Grammars
  - Letters and Sounds
  - Types of Words
  - Morpho-phonemics
  - Case
  - Attitude toward Language Usage
- Challenges
  - Pronunciation/Phonology
  - Morphology
  - Grammatical Concepts
- Foundation for Later Analysis
- Society
- Conclusion
  - Into the Future
Part V. Appendices
- A. Vowels
- B. Consonants
- C. Nominal Suffixes
- D. Verbs
  - Personal Verbs
    - Verbs of the 1st Conjugation
    - Verbs of the 2nd Conjugation
    - Verbs of the 3rd Conjugation
    - Verbs of the 4th Conjugation
    - Verbs of the 5th Conjugation
    - Verbs of the 6th Conjugation
    - Verbs of the 7th Conjugation
    - Verbs of the 8th Conjugation
    - Verbs of the 9th Conjugation
  - Impersonal Verbs
  - Passive Verbs
- E. Tenses and Subtenses
- F. Tamil Words
- G. The Literary Works of Henrique Henriques, S. J.
Bibliography
Index

HARVARD ORIENTAL SERIES

Harvard Oriental Series 76

Fr. Henriques' Arte da Lingua Malabar: Translation, History, and Analysis

Translated with commentary by Jeanne Hein

V. S. Rajam

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