- The Beginnings
- 1. The Lord speaks to Job on man and his world
- 2. Ezekiel describes the commerce of Tyre
- 3. Hesiod on the seasons
- 4. Hesiod on the winds
- Early Greek Geography
- 5. Thales’ views of a floating earth
- 6. Anaximander considers the earth; he offers an explanation for wind and rain, thunder and lightning
- 7. Anaxagoras on the shape of the earth, eclipses, and atmospheric phenomena
- 8. The Pythagoreans: Philolaus and Parmenides
- 9. Xenophanes on the origin of fossils
- Periplus and Periegesis: Greek Maritime Writings
- 10. Hanno reports on West Africa, Himilco on the Atlantic
- 11. A periplus of the Mediterranean: Greek sailing directions
- 12. A periegesis: Dionysius on Mediterranean
- From the Geographical Writings of Plato and Aristotle
- 13. Socrates explains the nature of the earth
- 14. Plato on the fate of Atlantis
- 15. Aristotle on the cosmos and the oikumene
- 16. Aristotle considers the city-state
- 17. Aristotle discusses water and dry land, world views and maps, earthquakes and their causes
- Hippocrates of Cos: An Early Environmentalist
- 18. Hippocrates on the effects of the environment
- Greek Heliocentric Theory
- 19. Aristarchus of Samos: the first heliocentric theory
- Greek Travelers’ Reports
- 20. Herodotus describes the Royal Road of Persia, the Caspian Sea, Egypt, Libya, and the land of the Scythians
- 21. Xenophon on western Asia
- 22. An early description of southernmost Persia
- 23. Pytheas of Marseille on northern Europe
- 24. Megasthenes describes India
- Geography in the Hellenistic Age
- 25. Eratosthenes measures the earth
- 26. From the writings of Hipparchus
- 27. Posidonius on the size of the earth on zones
- 28. Polybius describes the Black Sea and Italy
- 29. Strabo: the summing up of Greek geography
- 30. Ptolemy on the field of geography and on divisions of the earth
- Latin Encyclopedists
- 31. Pliny: from the Natural History
- 32. Varro on soils
- 33. Pomponius Mela on the earth, on Europe, and on Africa
- 34. Solinus describes Italy, Thrace, the Hyperboreans; the crocodile, China, and India
- 35. Macrobius: a late Roman geographer
- Landscape in Latin Prose and Poetry
- 36. A victorious general reports: Caesar on Gaul, Britain, and Germany
- 37. Vergil on the Creation, on zones of the earth, and on winds
- 38. Horace describes the Italian landscape
- 39. Tacitus on Germany, Britain, and Judaea
- Christian Geography
- 40. The Bordeaux Itinerary: a pilgrim’s guide to the Holy Land
- 41. Bishop Eucherius on the holy places
- 42. The Christian Topography of Cosmas Indicopleustes
- 43. The Etymologiae of Isidore of Seville: an early Christian encyclopedia
- 44. Britain in the eighth century: the Venerable Bede on the situation of Britain and Ireland
- 45. From Dicuil’s De mensura orbis terrae
- 46. Ohthere’s report on northernmost Europe
- Geography in the Byzantine Empire
- 47. Procopius describes Byzantium and the waterway leading to it
- 48. Constantine VII describes the great water road of Russia, the trade routes of the Byzantine Empire, and the city of Venice
- The Norse Contribution
- 49. An Arab ambassador among the Norsemen: the report of Ibn Fadhlan
- 50. Adam of Bremen on “the northern islands”
- 51. The sagas: Norse discoveries in North America
- 52. The King’s Mirror: a medieval handbook on the northern lands
- Moslem Geography
- 53. Al-Muqaddasi: a geographer’s experiences in pursuit of knowledge
- 54. Ibn Hauqal on the world of Islam and the lands beyond it
- 55. Ibn Hauqal on Spain, the Byzantine lands, and Sicily
- 56. Al-Masudi on the earth and its inhabitable portion; on Syria, Egypt, and Iraq
- 57. Al-Biruni on the determination of longitude
- 58. Al-Biruni reflects on the geography of earlier times
- 59. Ibn Khordadbeh describes Byzantium, some trade routes, and the divisions of the inhabitable world
- 60. Al-Muqaddasi on Tiberias, Iraq, and Kairouan
- 61. Idrisi on the cities and countries of the Christian and Moslem worlds
- 62. Al-Dimashqi on the divisions of the world and on the stone called emery
- 63. Ibn Battuta: his travels
- 64. Ibn Khaldun on geography
- Revival of Geography in the West
- 65. Robert Grosseteste on the heat of the sun
- 66. John of Holywood (Sacrobosco) on the sphere
- Enlarging Horizons by Travel
- 67. Directions to cross the sea
- 68. Marco Polo on Asia and its marvels
- 69. John of Plano Carpini: a Franciscan papal ambassador journeys to the Mongol court
- 70. William of Rubruck, ambassador of the King of France, on Mongolia
- 71. John of Monte Corvino, first archbishop of Peking, on the Nestorian Christians and the Tartar Empire
- 72. Pegolotti’s advice to merchants traveling to Asia
- 73. Nicolò Conti on India in the early 1400s
- 74. Mandeville’s Travels: notes of an armchair geographer
- Physical Geography in the Later Middle Ages
- 75. Giraldus Cambrensis on Ireland and Wales
- 76. Roger Bacon on the shape of the universe and the size of the earth; on the Nile and on China
- 77. Albert the Great on the nature of places
- Geographical Writings of the Age of Discovery
- 78. Waldseemüller’s Cosmography: the state of the art in 1507
- 79. Zurara on the early Portuguese voyages to western Africa
- 80. Camoens’ poetic description of da Gama’s voyage to India
- 81. Toscanelli on sailing westward to the Indies
- 82. Columbus describes the first glimpse of the West Indies
- 83. Columbus describes his first voyage to America: the formal report to Ferdinand and Isabella
- 84. Waldseemüller names the New World “America&rdqo;
- 85. Pigafetta on the first circumnavigation of the earth
- 86. Roger Barlow, first Englishman to sail to South America, reports on the New World
- 87. From Hakluyt’s Voyages
- 88. William Bourne presents the basic rules of navigation to his fellow seamen
- 89. Captain James Cook: secret orders from the Admiralty and his description of New South Wales
- German Geographers of the Sixteenth Century
- 90. Barthel Stein gives an inaugural lecture on geography
- 91. Gemma Frisius describes a new method to determine longitude
- 92. Peter Apianus on Asia and America
- 93. From the Cosmography of Sebastian Münster
- 94. Josias Simler describes glaciers and avalanches
- 95. Leonhart Rauwolf on the lands, peoples, and plants of the Near East
- The Beginnings of Modern Geography: The Seventeenth Century
- 96. A geography textbook by Cluverius
- 97. Conrad Gessner contemplates the Alps
- 98. From the Geographia Generalis of Bernardus Varenius
- Eighteenth Century Concepts of Geography
- 99. Buffon on the history of the earth, on earthquakes, and on the different races
- 100. The Lapland journey of Linnaeus
- 101. Buache’s “Framework of the Earth”
- 102. Polycarp Leyser on geography and history
- 103. Johann Michael Franz defines the state geographer
- 104. Johann Gottfried von Herder on the charm and necessity of the study of geography
- 105. Anton Friedrich Büsching on geography
- 106. Albrecht von Haller on the vertical zoning of vegetation
- Measuring the Earth
- 107. Maupertuis on the dimensions of the earth
- Immanuel Kant, Geographer
- 108. From the geographical writings of Kant
- The Founders of Modern Geography: Humboldt and Ritter
- 109. Humboldt on “geognosy”
- 110. From Humboldt’s “Personal Narrative of Travels to the Equinoctial Regions of America”
- 111. Jefferson asks for Humboldt’s views on the American West
- 112. From Humboldt’s Kosmos
- 113. From Humboldt’s Aspects of Nature
- 114. Ritter’s method of organization in geography
- 115. Ritter on the contrasts between the land and water hemispheres
- 116. From Ritter’s introduction to general comparative geography
- 117. From Ritter’s Earth Science
- 118. Ritter’s “Remarks on Form and Numbers as Auxiliary in Representing the Relations of Geographical Spaces”
- 119. Robert Dickinson on Ritter’s main geographical concepts
- Chinese Geographical Writings
- 120. From The Tribute of Yü: an early Chinese work on geography
- 121. Fa’Hsien, a Chinese Buddhist, travels to the land of the Buddha
- 122. Hsüan-Chang, a Chinese pilgrim, on Indian cosmography and on the lands and people of southern Asia
- 123. Chau Ju-Kua on Chinese overseas trade
- Index
SOURCE BOOKS IN THE HISTORY OF THE SCIENCES
A Source Book in Geography
Product Details
HARDCOVER
$139.00 • £120.95 • €126.95
ISBN 9780674822702
Publication Date: 09/08/1978
474 pages
6-1/8 x 9-1/4 inches
1 map, 2 line illustrations
Source Books in the History of the Sciences
World
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