- I. Concepts
- 1. Thinking about Values
- 1.1 Value-Focused Thinking
- 1.2 Creating Alternatives
- 1.3 Identifying Decision Opportunities
- 1.4 Thinking about Values
- 1.5 The Uses of Value-Focused Thinking
- 2. The Framework of Value-Focused Thinking
- 2.1 Framing a Decision Situation
- 2.2 Fundamental Objectives
- 2.3 The Decision Context
- 2.4 Guiding Strategic Thinking and Action
- 2.5 The Framework
- 2.6 Comparing Alternative-Focused and Value-Focused Thinking
- 2.7 Ethics and Value Neutrality
- 1. Thinking about Values
- II. Foundations
- 3. Identifying and Structuring Objectives
- 3.1 Identifying Objectives
- 3.2 Identifying Fundamental Objectives
- 3.3 Structures of Objectives
- 3.4 How to Structure Objectives
- 3.5 Desirable Properties of Fundamental Objectives
- 3.6 Relating Objectives Hierarchies and Objectives Networks
- 3.7 Incomplete Objectives Hierarchies and Networks
- 3.8 Objectives Hierarchies for Groups
- 4. Measuring the Achievement of Objectives
- 4.1 The Concept of an Attribute
- 4.2 The Types of Attributes
- 4.3 Developing Constructed Attributes
- 4.4 Use of Proxy Attributes
- 4.5 Desirable Properties of Attributes
- 4.6 The Decision of Selecting Attributes
- 4.7 Connecting Decision Situations with Attributes
- 5. Quantifying Objectives with a Value Model
- 5.1 Building a Value Model
- 5.2 Multiple-Objective Value Models
- 5.3 Single-Objective Value Models
- 5.4 Prioritizing Objectives
- 5.5 The Art of Assessing Value Models
- 5.6 Issues to Consider in Value Assessments
- 3. Identifying and Structuring Objectives
- III. Uses
- 6. Uncovering Hidden Objectives
- 6.1 Insights from Attributes
- 6.2 Insights from Violations of Independence Assumptions
- 6.3 Insights from Value Tradeoffs
- 6.4 Insights from Single-Attribute Objective Functions
- 6.5 Insights from Multiple Value Assessments
- 7. Creating Alternatives for a Single Decisionmaker
- 7.1 Counteracting Cognitive Biases
- 7.2 Use of Objectives
- 7.3 Use of Strategic Objectives
- 7.4 Focus on High-Value Alternatives
- 7.5 Use of Evaluated Alternatives
- 7.6 Generic Alternatives
- 7.7 Coordinated Alternatives
- 7.8 Process Alternatives
- 7.9 Removing Constraints
- 7.10 Better Utilization of Resources
- 7.11 Screening to Identify Good Alternatives
- 7.12 Alternatives for a Series of Similar Decisions
- 8. Creating Alternatives for Multiple Decisionmakers
- 8.1 Pleasing Other Stakeholders
- 8.2 Stakeholder Influence on Your Consequences
- 8.3 Clarifying Stakeholder Values for Group Decisions
- 8.4 Creating Alternatives for Negotiations
- 9. Identifying Decision Opportunities
- 9.1 Use of Strategic Objectives
- 9.2 Use of Resources Available
- 9.3 A Broader Decision Context
- 9.4 Monitoring Achievement
- 9.5 Establishing a Process
- 9.6 Negotiating for Your Side and for the Other Side
- 9.7 Being in the Right Place at the Right Time
- 9.8 When You Have No Idea about What to Do
- 10. Insights for the Decisionmaking Process
- 10.1 Guiding Information Collection
- 10.2 Evaluating Alternatives
- 10.3 Interconnecting Decisions
- 10.4 Improving Communication
- 10.5 Facilitating Involvement in Multiple-Stakeholder Decisions
- 10.6 Guiding Strategic Thinking
- 6. Uncovering Hidden Objectives
- IV. Applications
- 11. Selected Applications
- 11.1 NASA Leadership in Space
- 11.2 Transporting Nuclear Waste
- 11.3 Research on Climate Change
- 11.4 Air Pollution in Los Angeles
- 11.5 Design of Integrated Circuit Testers
- 11.6 Collaborating on a Book
- 12. Value-Focused Thinking at British Columbia Hydra
- 12.1 Identification and Structuring of the Strategic Objectives
- 12.2 First Revision of the Strategic Objectives and the Preliminary Attributes
- 12.3 Current Version of the Strategic Objectives and Attributes
- 12.4 The Quantitative Value Assessment
- 12.5 Insights from the Value Assessment
- 12.6 Decision Opportunities
- 13. Value-Focused Thinking for My Decisions
- 13.1 Strategic Objectives for Life
- 13.2 Guiding Involvement in Professional Activities
- 13.3 Decisions about Health and Safety
- 13.4 Professional Decisions
- 13.5 Personal Decisions
- 13.6 Value-Focused Thinking and You
- 11. Selected Applications
- References
- Index of Applications and Examples
- General Index


Value-Focused Thinking
A Path to Creative Decisionmaking
Product Details
PAPERBACK
$27.00 • £21.95 • €24.50
ISBN 9780674931985
Publication Date: 02/01/1996