- 1. Incidence and Importance of Thromboembolism
- Magnitude of the problem
- Frequency of deep vein thrombosis
- Pulmonary embolism
- Is pulmonary embolism increasing?
- Geographic and allied factors
- Inevitable and potentially preventable deaths
- 2. Pathology of Venous Thrombosis
- Thrombus growth and evolution
- Appearance and structure of thrombi
- Histological structure
- Platelet aggregates
- Valve-cusp thrombi and nidus structure
- Location and frequency of thrombi
- Frequency of thrombi in leg, thigh, and pelvic veins
- Sites of primary thrombosis
- Ageing and resolution of thrombi
- Leucocytes
- Thrombolysis
- Red cells and hemosiderin
- Platelet phagocytosis and foam cells
- Organization and canalization
- Mural thrombi
- Occlusive thrombi
- Source of cells
- 3. Predisposing Factors
- Sex
- ABO blood group
- Age
- Immobility and bedrest
- Age and bedrest combined
- Previous thromboembolism
- Obesity
- Medical and surgical
- Heart disease
- Cancer
- Operation
- Trauma
- Pulmonary embolism after injury
- Paralysis
- Tetanus
- Pregnancy and the puerperium
- Oral contraceptives
- Tuberculosis
- Ulcerative colitis
- Other possible associations
- Seasonal variation
- Anemia
- Polycythemia
- Thyroid disease
- Idiopathic thrombosis and embolism
- 4. Mechanisms of Venous Thrombosis
- Vein wall
- Venous anatomy
- Soleal veins
- Gastrocnemius veins
- Posterior tibial and peroneal veins
- Anterior tibial veins
- Popliteal and superficial femoral veins
- Common and profunda femoral veins
- Iliac veins
- Turbulence
- Venous stasis
- Extreme local stasis
- Changes in the blood
- 5. Experimental Venous Thrombosis
- Coagulation
- Hemostasis
- Platelet aggregation
- Experimental thrombosis
- Thrombi in vitro
- Thrombi in extracorporeal shunts
- Studies in vivo
- Serum-induced stasis thrombi
- ADP and stasis thrombi
- Reactions of the vessel wall to thrombi
- 6. A Unified Concept of Pathogenesis
- Nidus formation
- Stabilization and propagation
- Role of fibrinolysis
- Retrograde extension
- Clotting factors in venous thrombogenesis
- Activation at a distance
- Venous thrombosis without stasis
- Clearance of activated clotting factors
- 7. Silent Thrombosis and Unheralded Embolism
- Silent thrombosis
- Factors influencing silent and clinical thrombosis
- Effect of gravity
- Unheralded embolism
- Frequency of embolism from silent thrombosis
- 8. Clinical Features of Venous Thrombosis
- Symptoms
- Past history
- Constitutional signs
- Swelling
- Local tenderness
- Dorsiflexion of the foot
- Warm leg
- Cuff pain test
- Venous claudication
- Special forms of thrombosis
- Phlegmasia alba dolens
- Phlegmasia cerulea dolens
- Special points in pathogenesis
- Superficial thrombophlebitis
- Thrombophlebitis migrans
- “False phlebitis”
- Arm swelling due to venous obstruction
- Mondor’s disease
- Suppurative thrombophlebitis
- Thrombosis of the inferior vena cava
- 9. Phlebography and Other Aids to the Diagnosis of Venous Thrombosis
- Phlebography
- Technique
- Indications
- Interpretation
- Complications
- Preferential localization of isotopes in propagating venous thrombosis
- Doppler-effect flowmeter
- Impedance plethysmography
- Venous pressure
- Thermography
- Blood tests
- 10. Statistical Applications to the Study of Venous Thrombosis
- Selection of a subset of variables
- Discriminant function
- Appendix
- 11. Pathology of Pulmonary Embolism
- Morbid anatomy
- Major emboli
- Minor emboli
- Secondary thrombosis
- Multiplicity and distribution of emboli
- Recurrent embolism
- Paradoxical embolism
- Source of the emboli
- Source in clinical thrombosis
- Thrombus detachment
- Complications
- Infarction
- Pulmonary edema
- Fate of emboli
- Thrombolysis
- Organization
- Atheromatous plaques
- Fibrous bands and webs
- Sequelae
- Bronchopulmonary and other lung anastomoses
- Chronic pulmonary hypertension
- 12. Pulmonary Microembolism
- Arterial microthrombi
- Significance and importance
- Capillary microthrombi
- Hemorrhage and trauma
- Burns
- Anaphylaxis
- Bacterial endotoxin
- Pathogenesis of capillary microthrombosis
- Significance and importance of capillary microthrombi
- Irreversible shock
- By-pass surgery and microembolism from transfused blood
- 13. Physiological Studies on Pulmonary Embolism
- Cardiovascular reactions
- Effect of heparin and the role of platelets
- Pulmonary function
- Pulmonary ventilation and perfusion after embolism
- Clinical application
- Humoral mechanisms
- Physiological effects of pulmonary microembolism
- Foreign-body microembolism
- Platelet microembolism
- Thrombolysis
- Conclusions
- 14. Clinical Features of Pulmonary Embolism
- Massive embolism
- Lobar, multiple, and micro-embolism
- Symptoms and signs
- Dyspnea and tachypnea
- Chest pain
- Cough, hemoptysis, and chest signs
- Cyanosis, tachycardia, fever
- Cardiovascular signs
- Clinical syndromes of embolism and differential diagnosis
- Pneumonic syndrome
- Acute hypotension
- Acute congestive failure and cor pulmonale
- Sudden collapse
- Gradual deterioration
- Pulmonary infarction
- Abcess formation
- Embolic detachment
- Day of onset of embolism
- Embolism in clinical thrombosis
- Aids to diagnosis
- Electrocardiography
- Pulmonary function studies
- Enzyme studies
- The approach to diagnosis
- Major symptoms
- Massive embolism
- 15. Radiology and Lung Scanning in Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism
- Radiology in pulmonary embolism
- Massive pulmonary embolism
- Plain films
- Angiography
- Emboli in branch arteries
- Plain films
- Angiography
- Small peripheral embolism and chronic pulmonary hypertension
- Plain films
- Angiography
- Pulmonary thrombosis
- Veno-occlusive disease
- Radioisotope lung scanning
- Pulmonary embolism
- Branch embolism
- Differential diagnosis with angiography and lung scanning
- 16. Prevention of Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism
- Physical activity
- Clinical experience
- Prophylactic calf muscle contraction during surgery
- Elastic compression of the limbs
- Anticoagulant prophylaxis
- Early trials
- Controlled trials
- Indications
- Trauma
- Burns
- Orthopedic surgery
- Gynecologic surgery
- Thoracic cardiac surgery
- Abdominal and other surgery
- Preoperative institution of prophylaxis
- Pregnancy and the puerperium
- Medical cases
- Short-term heparin prophylaxis
- Prophylaxis with dextran
- Clinical experience
- Dextran and oral anticoagulants
- Other agents
- Streptokinase
- Anti-platelet agents
- 17. Medical Treatment
- Anticoagulant therapy
- Heparin
- Administration
- Dosage
- Duration of therapy for pulmonary embolism
- Treatment of venous thrombosis
- Oral anticoagulant therapy
- Thrombolytic therapy
- Experimental thrombolysis
- Human studies
- Dextran therapy
- Therapeutic defibrination
- Platelet active agents
- Ancillary and supportive treatment
- Pulmonary embolism
- Venous thrombosis
- 18. Oral Anticoagulant Therapy
- History
- Properties of coumarin and indanedione drugs
- Pharmacology
- Hypoprothrombinemia
- Effects on platelets
- Other properties
- Drugs in common use
- Nicoumalone
- Sodium warfarin
- Phenindione
- Dicumoral
- Phenprocoumon
- Laboratory tests for control of dosage
- Prothrombin time (one stage test)
- Thromboplastin
- Thrombotest
- Therapeutic aims and range
- Partial thromboplastin time
- The balance between antithrombotic action and hemorrhagic complications
- Factors influencing therapeutic dosage and response
- Effect of certain drugs
- Drug resistance
- Hemorrhagic complications
- Types of hemorrhage
- Frequency of hemorrhage
- Avoidable hemorrhage
- Management of hemorrhage
- Contra-indications to anticoagulant therapy
- General management
- Emotional reactions
- Centralized control of therapy
- 19. Surgical Management
- Phlegmasia alba dolens
- Phlegmasia cerulea dolens
- Arm vein thrombosis
- Superficial thrombophlebitis
- Surgery for pulmonary embolism
- Suppurative thrombophlebitis with pulmonary embolism
- Vein interruption as prophylaxis
- Surgery preferred over anticoagulants for the control of overt thrombosis and embolism
- Anticoagulants positively contraindicated
- Failure of anticoagulants
- Choice of ligation site
- Caval septation, plication, and clipping
- Embolization after ligation
- Pulmonary embolectomy
- 20. Chronic Venous Insufficiency
- Management of chronic venous insufficiency
- Local care of venous ulcers
- Relief of venous hypertension
- Bedrest
- Local compression
- Interruption of perforating veins
- Injection therapy
- Cross-over grafts of veins
- Lymphedema secondary to venous thrombosis
- Surgery
Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism
Product Details
HARDCOVER
$64.50 • £56.95 • €58.95
ISBN 9780674933200
Publication Date: 01/01/1970
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